Friday, March 28, 2014

Harvesting herbs and useful plants

Thyme.jpg
Harvesting herbs and useful plants
Once you have a garden full of delicious or useful herbs you may be tempted to rest on your laurels. But the fun and sense of achievement to be gained from herb gardening has only just begun. The next step is to identify which part of your herb to use and learn the best way to harvest the plant for maximum yield.
Leaves
Leaf gathering should take place just as the plant's flowers start to open. This is the high point of a plant's metabolism and when its active ingredient is at its strongest.
Leaves from most culinary plants, such as mint, sage, basil, bay and rosemary, can be gathered whenever required for day-to-day cooking without any hassle. However, it is important that a few rules are observed when a whole crop of leaves needs to be picked and preserved for winter use.
Tips for successful cropping:

  • Do not pick early in the day because dew can damage your crop

  • Remove insects and do not use insect damaged areas

  • Remove and discard diseased leaves
Roots
As a general guide, roots should be dug up as they reach maturity in the autumn. There are plants which are best dug younger, before they develop too strong a taste or coarse a texture. Remember to keep notes of the best treatment for each plant in your garden.
To harvest herb roots you need to:
  • Lift roots carefully using a garden fork
  • Wash and pat dry roots
  • Place the crop in a dry, well ventilated place for storage
Tarragon.jpg
Flowers
Pick a flower as soon as it is fully open. Colour and perfume will then be strongest and petals will be undamaged.
Some plants, like lavender and rosemary, can be collected the day before they open. It takes a great deal of experience to recognise the right time and plants suitable for early harvesting.
Advice on harvesting flowers:

  • Take care not bruise or crush flower heads

  • Allow to dry naturally

  • Store in a dark place to preserve petal colours
Seeds
Gathering seeds for future propagation or for food can be extremely rewarding. If you intend to sow your seed, your plants should be allowed to fully mature and seed should only be collected from the very best plants in the garden.
To gather culinary seeds, such as caraway or dill, pull up the plant and hang it upside down with a paper bag over the head to gather the seeds as they drop. Do not use plastic bags as they tend to hold moisture and the seeds will rot.
You may also like to use muslin bags to pop over the heads of growing plants and catch your seeds as they drop naturally. Paper bags are little use for this purpose because they are not rainproof.
Seed gathering:

  • Seed for propagation needs to be labelled as soon as it is collected to avoid later confusion.

  • Store seeds in paper bags, cardboard boxes or aluminium foil twists

  • Keep seeds in cool, dark and dry conditions

Sunday, February 27, 2011

SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN NORTHERN AREAS


The Alpine Medicinal Herbs and Rural Welfare Organization (AMHRWO) 
This Gilgit based organization, with the technical and financial assistance of Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) and South Asian Watch on Trade Economics and Environment (SAWTEE), has developed a website (http://www.sdpi.org/amhrwo/) on the important medicinal plants of Northern Areas of Pakistan. It gives botanical names, local names, common English names, Urdu names and family names of a total of 56 medicinal herb species of Northern Areas with pictures, habitat, medicinal uses and brief descriptions which are listed here:
Table 1. Medicinal plants of the Northern Areas


Botanical namesFamily namesLocal names (Shina)Urdu namesEnglish names
Artemisia maritima L.Compositae (Asteraceae)ZoonAfsanteenSantonica, Worm seed
Aconitum chasmanthumRanunculaceaeBeshmoloMoriAconite
Aconitum napellusRanunculaceaeSai Booma, PatrisMori, Mitha zaherAconite, Monks hood
Anaphalis nepalensisCompositae (Asteraceae)ChikeeChoraAngelica roots
Angelica glaucaApiaceae (Umbelliferae)ChoroChoraAngelica roots
Berberis lyceum RoyalBerberidaceaeIshkeenKashmalBerberr
Berberis vulgarisBerberidaceaeIshkeenKashmalBerberi
Bargenia himalacia BoissSaxifragaceaeSanspurZakham -i- hayatBargenia
Cannabis sativa L.CannabaceaeThonchiBhangHemp
Carum balbocastanum Clarke (syn: bunium persicum).Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)HayyoSia ZiraCaraway Seeds
Carum carvi L.UmbelliferaeHayyoSia ZiraCaraway Seeds
Capparis spinosa Linn.Capparidaceae (or Capparaceae)KaberCabraCapper
Carthamus tinctoriousCompositae (Asteraceae)Pong (Shina)Zaffron-e- kazibBastards saffron, Safflower
Cichorium intybus L.Compositae (asteraceae)IshkanagiKasiniChicory
Cuminum cyminum L.Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)HayyoZira SafedCumin Seeds
Datura stramonium (Linn)SolanaceaeDaturoDaturaThorn Apple
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo. Syn: Orchis latifoli auct plur).OrchidaceaeNar madaSalapMarsh Orchis
Delphinium brunonianum RoylRanunculaceaeMakhotiMushk Dana, Gul-e- MamoonDelphinium, Lark Spur
Elaeagnus angustifolia L (Syn: E. hortensis Bieb)EiaeagnaceaeGonareSinjitNot available
Ephedra gerardiana. Wall. ex StapfGnetaceaeSoomAsamaniaEphedra
Ferula narthexApiaceae (Umbelliferae)SuffHingDevils dung
Fumaria officinalis (Linn.)Fumariaceae.PaptraPaptraFumitory
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn.)Papilionaceae (Leguminosae)ShalakoMulathiLiquorice root
Hippophae rhamnoides L.EiaeagnaceaeBuruNot availableSea Buckthorn
Hyoscyamus niger L.SolanceaeBazarbangAjwain-i- KhurasaniHanbane
Juniperus communis LinnCupressaceaeChilliPadumJuniper berries
Juniperus macropoda Hk.fCupressaceaeChilliPadumPencil cedar
Mentha longifolia (Linn)LabiataePhileelJungali PodinaHorse mint
Onosma bracteatum WallBoraginaceaeTelsharongGao zabanSedge
Peganum harmala L.ZygophyllaceaeIspandurHarmalWild Rue
Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex BenthScrophulariaceaeKurroKutkiGentian
Plantago major L.PlantaginaceaeKay-e-khapyIspaghulePlantain
Podophyllum emodi Wall.PodophyllaceaetchaudaiBankakriMandrake
Rheum emodi Wall.PolygonaceaeJaro chuntalRavand chiniGilgiti rhubarb
Rheum webbianum Royle.PolygonaceaeChuntalRavand chiniGilgiti rhubarb
Rumex hastatus.PolygonaceaeChurki, churcaKhati butiCurle sock
Saussurea lappaCompositae (Asteraceae)MinalKuthCostus, Kuth
Swertia petiolate D.Don.GentianaceaeMumiranChirayitaChiretta
Taraxacum officinale Weber.Compositae (Asteraceae)IshkanagiGul-e-QasadiDandelion
Thymus sepryllum L.LabiataeTumuroBen ajwainWild Thyme, Mother of Thyme
Urtica dioica, LINN.UrticaceaeJumiBichu-butiStinging nettle
Valeriana wallichii DC. (Syn:V. jatamansi Jones.)ValerianaceaeGaneshpawrobatiMushk bala, Risha walaGilgiti valerian
Viola rupestris, Schm.ViolaceaeLiloBanafshaSweet violet
Heracleum candicans Wall.UmbelliferaeFollaNot availableUnknown
Tribulus terrestrisZygophyllaceaeKurkosul-e-konoGhogroCaltrop or puncture wine
Primulla macrophylPrimulaceaeMeo Not available
Trigonella foenum- graecum Linn.PaplionaceaeShikarkosMethiFenugreek
Berberis lycium (Syn: B.pseudoumbellata)BerberidaceaeIshkeenKashmal, berberryNot available
Daphne oleoides(Syn D.mucronataRoyle.ThymelaeaceaeNircoRatilalUnknown
Melilotus officinalis(L)PaplionaceaeBsisasingAspurkUnknown
Corydalis govaniana, WallFumiraceaeLaskir butiUnknownGoven, scorydalis
Polygonum alpinum.lPolygonaceaeDanviUnknownAlpine polygonum
Chenopodium album L.ChenopodiaceousKunnaBathwaNot known
Verbascum thapsus.ScrophulariaceaeTamakushJungle tambakoMullein
Corianderum sativumL.UmbelliferaeThownDhanyaCoriander
Papaver somniferumL.PapaveraceaeMardkhiAfimOpium poppy
Swertia pitolata Royle.GentianaceaeMomiranCharitaNot known
Tamarix gallicaL.TamaricaceaeHokaroJhauNot known
Betula utilisD. DonBetulaceaeJongiBhog pathaterNot known
Source: http://www.sdpi.org/amhrwo/
The photo gallery on the web site contains some 43 pictures of medicinal plants or herbs whereas the links contains four major links for information on medicinal plants i.e. MedPlant: Medicinal Plant Network , IUCN, IDRC, People and Plants Internationa

Sunday, January 23, 2011

The 10 Most Useful Medicinal Plants For Your Garden

Would you like to create your very own backyard pharmacy by growing medicinal plants?
There’s no better way to use whatever extra space you have at home than to create a garden space where you can grow medicinal plants.
medicinal plants
In fact, even if you live in an apartment setting, you can create a windowsill garden where you can grow medicinal plants.
This is especially useful if you have little kids running around in the house who can acquire a burn, a shallow wound, a sore or strike up a fever.
Basically, the medicinal plants to grow in your very own little garden space should be ones with the most number of medicinal values.

Factors that You Need to Consider when Growing Medicinal Plants in a Garden

Before giving out the top 10 medicinal plants that you can grow in your very own garden, here are a few tips to get you started.
First, check on the area where you plan to grow the medicinal plants in. Will you be having a mini-garden or would you like to turn your lawn into a virtual resource of medicinal plants which you can call your very own backyard pharmacy?
After analyzing the extra space that you have, consider other factors like sunlight, water, type of soil, type of container and the time of the year when the medicinal plants will thrive the most.
By taking these factors into account, you can rest assured that your medicinal plants will be thriving in the mini-garden that you will create just for them.

Top 10 Medicinal Plants For Your Garden Space

Now that you already have an idea about the gardening basics, what exactly are the valuable medicinal plants that you can grow right in your very own garden space? Take a look at the following list:

1. Aloe Vera

If there’s one medicinal plant which has 101 uses, that is none other than aloe vera.
Let’s say that you or a kid in your home suffered from a minor burn, you can use the bottom stalk of aloe vera as a soothing balm by rubbing the exposed end on the burn.
aloe vera
Aside from minor cuts and wounds, this medicinal aloe vera is also great for burns, treating eczema and reducing inflammation.
Did you know that this medicinal plant can even be taken internally? You can actually drink aloe vera juice and use it to treat digestive problems, ulcerative colitis, chronic constipation and poor appetite.  This plant grows well under the sun, so it works best for outdoor gardens.

2. Great Burdock

Also called edible burdock or Lappa burdock, this medicinal plant is actually used as a root vegetable. In traditional medicine, the Great Burdock is used as a blood purifying agent, a diuretic and a diaphoretic.
great burdock
Aside from being medicinal, this plant also has great aesthetic value because of its purple-and-green thorny flowers which looks great against any garden.
If you would like to add this medicinal plant to your backyard pharmacy, this can actually grow even without shade; just make sure that the soil is always moist so that the plant will thrive. Other uses for this medicinal plant include boils, rashes, bruises, burns, acne, ringworm and bites.

3. Pot Marigold

The good thing about growing this medicinal plant in your garden is that it can thrive under any soil condition.
pot marigold
As long as you make sure that the Pot Marigold grows in moist soil, it will very easily thrive. It’s also a great-looking addition to your garden aesthetically because of its deep-orange color.
So what are the main uses of Pot Marigold medicinal plants? It can help heal bites, stings, sprains, sore eyes, wounds and even varicose veins. When taken internally, this medicinal plant can be used to treat chronic infections and fever.

4. Chamomile

One of the medicinal plants, chamomile can help treat more than 100 separate ailments and conditions including the common cold, digestive problems, diarrhea, eczema, gastrointestinal conditions, mucositis, toothache, earache, shoulder pain and the common wounds.
chamomile
What’s good about chamomile is that planting them in your backyard will add a crisp and fruity fragrance to your garden.

5. Echinacea

This lovely-colored flowering medicinal plant is considered to be one of the world’s most important medicinal herbs. It’s actually an herbaceous plant which has several different species.
echinacea
What makes the Echinacea plant a handy medicinal plant to be around is the fact that it has a wide array of uses, including the treatment of sores, burns, wounds, allergy relief, insect bites, stings and snakebites. This type of medicinal plants also have the ability to help relieve allergies by strengthening immune system.

6.  Great Yellow Gentian

Also called the Great Yellow Gentian, this medicinal plant comes from the mountains of southern and central Europe. It is actually a bitter herb which is used in traditional medicine, and its main function includes the treatment of digestive problems.
yello genatin
This type of medicinal plants also aids in the relief of exhaustion from chronic diseases, it stimulates the gal bladder and liver while at the same time strengthening the body.

7. Tea Tree

Look at the ingredients of any over-the-counter medicinal product or beauty product and you will see how tea tree oil is usually listed as one of its main ingredients. This just goes to show how useful the tea tree plant is medicinally.
tea tree
Tea tree oil comes from the leaves and twigs of the tea tree plant. It has a great many uses, including the treatment of acne, vaginal infections, athlete’s foot, warts, insect bites, cold sores, minor burns, thrush and chronic fatigue syndrome.

8. Peppermint

There’s probably no better-smelling plant that you can grow in your garden than peppermint. It’s considered to be the world’s oldest medicine which has been used by people from the ancient times to relieve whatever it is that is bothering them medically.
peppermint
What makes peppermint such a medicinal garden essential is the fact that it is naturally rich in vitamins A and C, manganese and it helps reduce a number of symptoms including irritable bowel syndrome, upset stomachs, fevers, flatulence and spastic colon.

9. Ginseng

Ginseng is one of the most beloved and popular medicinal plants in eastern countries. What makes ginseng such a great addition to your medicinal plants garden is the fact that it promotes general health instead of just being useful for a particular type of ailment.
gingseng
It’s the root of the ginseng which is particularly useful in relaxing the nervous system. It also helps reduce cholesterol levels, improve your immune system and stamina, and helps treat lack of appetite and sleep disorders.

10. Sage

Both a cooking herb and a medicinal plant, sage is a great salve for insect bites, skin infections, gum infections and mouth infections. It can also help with indigestion, flatulence, depression and even menopausal problems.
sage
The Latin name, where sage was derived from, means ‘to heal’, which is an apt description for many ailments that can be resolved using this lush herb which doubles up as a medicinal plant.
These are just some of the top herbal medicinal plants which can serve as a great addition to your garden space. Aside from giving your dwelling that green and homey feel, these medicinal plants have a variety of uses for whatever it is that is ailing you.